Leopard Seal

The leopard seal is one of Antarctica’s most iconic predators. With a long, muscular body and a large, reptilian head, this seal commands attention. Its coat is a mottled mix of dark grey and pale spots, with a lighter underside speckled in darker tones. The neck is thick and elongated, and its fore-flippers are impressively long, built for agile movement through icy waters. Notably, its body tapers from broad shoulders to a narrower tail, giving it a top-heavy silhouette. Pups resemble adults but are cloaked in soft, dense fur.

Diet and Behaviour

Leopard seals are solitary hunters with a remarkably diverse diet. They feed on krill, fish, squid, and a range of seabirds, including penguins. Their prowess extends to preying on juvenile seals such as crabeater, southern elephant, and fur seals. Most hunting occurs underwater, typically during dives ranging from 10 to 50 metres (32 - 164 feet). These seals are often seen patrolling near penguin colonies, waiting for the perfect moment to strike.

While generally solitary, leopard seals can be territorial and have been known to show aggression toward small boats. They undergo an annual moult between January and February, shedding their old coat for a fresh one.

Breeding Cycle 

Leopard seals follow a polygynous mating system, with males mating with multiple females during the breeding season. Mating is believed to occur in the water, and a single pup is born on the ice between October and January. After a brief nursing period of around four weeks, the pup is weaned, and the female may mate again soon after. These seals can live for 20 to 30 years in the wild, navigating the harsh Antarctic environment with remarkable resilience.